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Spring笔记(2) - 生命周期/属性赋值/自动装配及部分源码解析
阅读量:420 次
发布时间:2019-03-06

本文共 15253 字,大约阅读时间需要 50 分钟。

一.生命周期

  1. @Bean自定义初始化和销毁方法

    //====xml方式: init-method和destroy-method====    
    //====@Bean方式====/** *单实例:只调用initMethod一次,容器关闭时会调用destroyMethod *多实例: 每次调用Bean都调用initMethod,容器关闭不会调用destroyMethod,需要手动调用 **/ @Bean(initMethod = "",destroyMethod = "") public Person person() { System.out.println("注入容器。。。。。"); return new Person("张三", 20); }//====实现接口方式====/** * InitializingBean:定义初始化逻辑,实现afterPropertiesSet() * DisposableBean:定义销毁逻辑,实现destroy() */@Componentpublic class Person implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean { public Person(){ System.out.println("Person 。。。 constructor"); } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { System.out.println("Person 。。。afterPropertiesSet"); } @Override public void destroy() throws DestroyFailedException { System.out.println("Person 。。。destroy"); }}@Configurable@ComponentScan(value = "com.hrh")public class BeanConfig {}AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanConfig.class);context.close();
  2. @PostConstruct和@PreDestroy

    /** * JSR250: *  @PostConstruct: 在bean创建完成并且属性赋值完成后,来执行初始化方法 *  @PreDestroy :在容器销毁bean之前通知进行清理工作 */@Componentpublic class Color {    public Color() {        System.out.println("Color 。。。 constructor");    }    @PostConstruct//对象创建并赋值之后调用    public void init() throws Exception {        System.out.println("Color 。。。init");    }    @PreDestroy//容器移除对象之前    public void destroy() {        System.out.println("Color 。。。destroy");    }}
  3.  BeanPostProcessor:bean后置处理器,对bean初始化之前和之后的处理,上文的@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy就是使用了该类实现的

    • 案例:

      @Component    public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {        /**         *         * @param bean 容器创建的实例         * @param beanName 容器创建实例的名字         * @return 创建的实例或进行包装后的实例         * @throws BeansException         */        @Override        public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {            System.out.println("postProcessBeforeInitialization====>【"+bean+"】:"+beanName);            return bean;        }            @Override        public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {            System.out.println("postProcessAfterInitialization====>【"+bean+"】:"+beanName);            return bean;        }    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanConfig.class);    }
      • BeanPostProcessor是Spring IOC容器给我们提供的一个扩展接口。

        public interface BeanPostProcessor {    //bean初始化方法调用前被调用    Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;    //bean初始化方法调用后被调用    Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;}

        接口提供了两个方法,分别是初始化前和初始化后执行方法,具体这个初始化方法指的是什么方法,类似我们在定义bean时,定义了init-method所指定的方法<bean id = "xxx" class = "xxx" init-method = "init()">或@Bean(initMethod = "init()")

        这两个方法分别在init方法前后执行,需要注意一点,我们定义一个类实现了BeanPostProcessor,默认是会对整个Spring容器中所有的bean进行处理。

        既然是默认全部处理,那么我们怎么确认我们需要处理的某个具体的bean呢?

        可以看到方法中有两个参数。类型分别为Object和String,第一个参数是每个bean的实例,第二个参数是每个bean的name或者id属性的值。所以我们可以第二个参数,来确认我们将要处理的具体的bean。

        这个的处理是发生在Spring容器的实例化和依赖注入之后。

        运行流程:

            1)Spring IOC容器实例化Bean;

            2)调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization方法;

            3)调用bean实例的初始化方法;

            4)调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessAfterInitialization方法;

        BeanPostProcessor接口作用:    

          如果我们想在Spring容器中完成bean实例化、配置以及其他初始化方法前后要添加一些自己逻辑处理。我们需要定义一个或多个BeanPostProcessor接口实现类,然后注册到Spring IoC容器中。

        Spring中Bean的实例化过程图示:

         

    • 原理:从doCreateBean可以看到,在对bean进行属性赋值后,调用initializeBean初始化bean,在initializeBean中会在调用初始化方法前后会遍历所有的BeanPostProcessor实现的方法

      AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanConfig.class);    public AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Class
      ... annotatedClasses) { .... refresh();//刷新容器 } public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException { ... //初始化剩下所有的(非懒加载的)单实例对象 finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory); } protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) { ... //初始化剩下所有的(非懒加载的)单实例对象 beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(); } public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException { ... getBean(beanName); ... } @Override public Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException { return doGetBean(name, null, null, false); } protected
      T doGetBean( final String name, final Class
      requiredType, final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException { ... //getSingleton获取实例 sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, new ObjectFactory
      () { @Override public Object getObject() throws BeansException { try { return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);//创建实例 } ... } }); ... return (T) bean; } protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object[] args) throws BeanCreationException { ... Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);//创建实例 ... return beanInstance; } protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args) { ... Object exposedObject = bean; try { populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);//对属性赋值 if (exposedObject != null) { exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);//初始化对象,相当后置处理器的调用 } } ... return exposedObject; } //从下面可以看到,在执行初始化方法之前,执行applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization,执行完初始化方法之后,执行applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization protected Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd) { ... wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName); ... invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);//执行初始化方法 ... wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName); return wrappedBean; } @Override public Object applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(Object existingBean, String beanName) throws BeansException { Object result = existingBean; //遍历执行实现了BeanPostProcessor接口的类,比如MyBeanPostProcessor,然后执行实现类的重写方法 for (BeanPostProcessor beanProcessor : getBeanPostProcessors()) { result = beanProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(result, beanName); if (result == null) { return result; } } return result; }
    •  InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor:处理@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy

      /**     *  处理javax.annotation.PostConstruct注解     */    public void setInitAnnotationType(Class
      initAnnotationType) { this.initAnnotationType = initAnnotationType; } /** * 处理javax.annotation.PreDestroy注解 */ public void setDestroyAnnotationType(Class
      destroyAnnotationType) { this.destroyAnnotationType = destroyAnnotationType; } public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { //找到了使用@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy的类的生命周期注解 LifecycleMetadata metadata = findLifecycleMetadata(bean.getClass()); try { //对每个注解上的方法进行反射执行 metadata.invokeInitMethods(bean, beanName); } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex.getTargetException()); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Failed to invoke init method", ex); } return bean; } public void invokeInitMethods(Object target, String beanName) throws Throwable { Collection
      checkedInitMethods = this.checkedInitMethods; Collection
      initMethodsToIterate = (checkedInitMethods != null ? checkedInitMethods : this.initMethods); if (!initMethodsToIterate.isEmpty()) { for (LifecycleElement element : initMethodsToIterate) { if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("Invoking init method on bean '" + beanName + "': " + element.getMethod()); } //element包含注解和注解上的方法 element.invoke(target);//执行每个注解上的方法 } } } 

二.属性赋值

  1.  @Value

    public class Person {    /**     * @Value :基本数值,SpEL表达式 #{}, ${}获取配置文件的值     */    @Value("张三")    private String name;    @Value("#{20-1}")    private Integer age;}
  2. @PropertySource:读取外部配置文件中k/v的数据

    public class Person{    /**     * @Value :基本数值,SpEL表达式 #{}, ${}获取配置文件的值     */    @Value("张三")    private String name;    @Value("#{20-1}")    private Integer age;    @Value("${sex}")    private String sex;}@PropertySource(value = "classpath:/global.properties")@Configurablepublic class BeanConfig {}global.propertiessex=男

三.自动装配

  1. @Autowired&@Qualifier&@Primary:Spring定义

    @Servicepublic class UserService {    /**     * @Autowired :自动注入     * 1)默认优先按照类型去容器中对应的组件:context.getBean(UserDao.class);     * 2)如果有多少相同类型的组件,需要将属性的名称作为id去容器查找:(UserDao) context.getBean("userDao1")     * 3)@Qualifier("userDao1"):指定需要装配的组件id,而不是使用默认属性;优先级比@Primary高     * 4)如果UserDao没有注入容器(@Repository和 @Bean):启用@Autowired会报空指针异常,需要required = false,表示从容器中找到就自动装配,找不到就设为null     * 5)@Primary表示Spring自动装配时,默认使用首选的bean     */    @Qualifier("userDao")    @Autowired    private UserDao userDao;    public void printf() {        System.out.println(userDao);    }}@Repositorypublic class UserDao {    private String id ="1";    public String getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(String id) {        this.id = id;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "UserDao{" +                "id='" + id + '\'' +                '}';    }}@Configurable@ComponentScan(value = "com.hrh")public class BeanConfig {    @Primary    @Bean("userDao1")    public UserDao userDao() {        UserDao userDao = new UserDao();        userDao.setId("2");        return userDao;    }}AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanConfig.class);UserService person = context.getBean(UserService.class);person.printf();//UserDao userDao = context.getBean(UserDao.class);UserDao userDao =(UserDao) context.getBean("userDao1");System.out.println(userDao);
  2. @Resource&@Inject:Java规范

    1. @Resource:只按照属性名称进行装配,可以使用@Resource(name = "")装配指定id;不支持@Primary的使用,即使用该注解是无效的;

    2. @Inject:支持自动装配,和@Autowired功能一样,支持@Primary的使用;没有required = false属性;

  3. Aware注入Spring底层组件&原理

    • 自定义组件使用Spring容器底层的一些组件(ApplicationContext、BeanFactory...),实现xxxAware

      public class Color  implements ApplicationContextAware {    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;    //获取容器并赋值给当前类    @Override    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;    }}
    • xxxAware使用对应的xxxAwareProcessor进行处理:利用后置处理器在类初始化时注入组件

      //bean:获得实现了ApplicationContextAware接口的类,即Color    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {        //类型判断        if (!(bean instanceof EnvironmentAware || bean instanceof EmbeddedValueResolverAware ||                bean instanceof ResourceLoaderAware || bean instanceof ApplicationEventPublisherAware ||                bean instanceof MessageSourceAware || bean instanceof ApplicationContextAware)){            return bean;        }        AccessControlContext acc = null;        if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {            acc = this.applicationContext.getBeanFactory().getAccessControlContext();        }        if (acc != null) {            //权限检查            AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction) () -> {                invokeAwareInterfaces(bean);                return null;            }, acc);        }        else {            invokeAwareInterfaces(bean);//转换并注入组件        }        return bean;    }    private void invokeAwareInterfaces(Object bean) {        if (bean instanceof EnvironmentAware) {            ((EnvironmentAware) bean).setEnvironment(this.applicationContext.getEnvironment());        }        if (bean instanceof EmbeddedValueResolverAware) {            ((EmbeddedValueResolverAware) bean).setEmbeddedValueResolver(this.embeddedValueResolver);        }        if (bean instanceof ResourceLoaderAware) {            ((ResourceLoaderAware) bean).setResourceLoader(this.applicationContext);        }        if (bean instanceof ApplicationEventPublisherAware) {            ((ApplicationEventPublisherAware) bean).setApplicationEventPublisher(this.applicationContext);        }        if (bean instanceof MessageSourceAware) {            ((MessageSourceAware) bean).setMessageSource(this.applicationContext);        }        if (bean instanceof ApplicationContextAware) {            //给当前类注入ApplicationContext            ((ApplicationContextAware) bean).setApplicationContext(this.applicationContext);        }    }
  4. @Profile:指定组件在哪个环境的情况下才能被注册到容器中

    • 加了环境标识的bean,只有在指定环境才能被注册到容器中,默认是default环境
    • 写在配置类上,只有是指定环境整个配置类里面的所有配置才能生效
    • 没有环境标识的bean在任何环境下都会被注册到容器中
      @PropertySource("classpaht:/db.properties")@Configurationpublic class BeanProfileConfig {    @Value("${db.user}")    private String user;    @Value("${db.driverClass}")    private String driverClass;    @Profile("test")    @Bean    public DataSource TestDateSource(@Value("${db.password}") String pwd) throws PropertyVetoException {        ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();        dataSource.setUser(user);        dataSource.setPassword(pwd);        dataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test");        dataSource.setDriverClass(driverClass);        return dataSource;    }    @Profile("dev")    @Bean    public DataSource DevDateSource(@Value("${db.password}") String pwd) throws PropertyVetoException {        ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();        dataSource.setUser(user);        dataSource.setPassword(pwd);        dataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev");        dataSource.setDriverClass(driverClass);        return dataSource;    }    @Profile("pro")    @Bean    public DataSource ProDateSource(@Value("${db.password}") String pwd) throws PropertyVetoException {        ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();        dataSource.setUser(user);        dataSource.setPassword(pwd);        dataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/pro");        dataSource.setDriverClass(driverClass);        return dataSource;    }}/** * 1.使用命令行动态参数:在虚拟机参数位置加载 -Dspring.profiles.active=test * 2.代码方式:创建无参容器,设置激活环境 *///创建容器AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();//设置需要激活的环境context.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles("test");//注册主配置类context.register(BeanProfileConfig.class);//启动刷新容器context.refresh(); 

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